Types of aircraft. Classification of aircraft.
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Types of aircraft. Classification of aircraft.

Types of aircraft. Classification of aircraft.

 

When embarking on the classification of objects or phenomena, looking for something basic, the most common features, properties that serve as proof of their relationship. Along with this study, and such features that sharply distinguish them from each other.

If we follow this principle, we start to classify modern aircraft, the first of all the question arises: what are the characteristics or properties of aircraft regarded as the most important?

It may be possible to classify them according to the materials making up the apparatus? Yes, you can, but it clearly will not be enough. Because of the different materials can do the same thing. Aluminum, steel, wood, cloth, rubber, plastics to match more or less used in the manufacture of n aircraft and helicopters, Mr. airships and balloons.

It may be the basis for the classification of aircraft to choose when and who made the machine for the first time? It can be classified in historical terms - is an important issue, but then fall under one heading disparate devices in many ways, proposed at one time and in one country.

 

types of aircraft

Obviously, these symptoms are not to be considered for the classification of the most important.

Since the aircraft are designed to move in the air, they are usually divided into lighter-than-air и heavier-than-air. Thus, the basis of classification of aircrafts is their weight in relation to the air.

We see that a lighter-than-air are airships, balloons and stratospheric. They go up and stay in the air by filling them with light gases. For heavier-than-air aircraft owned, gliders, rockets and rotorcraft.

The aircraft and the glider are supported in the air by the lifting force created by the wings; rockets are held in the air by the force of thrust developed by the rocket avigatel, and rotorcraft - by the lifting force of the rotor. There are (so far in the projects) devices that occupy an intermediate position between aircraft and rotary-wing vehicles, aircraft and missiles. These are the so-called convertible airplanes, or envelope plans, which should combine with themselves the positive properties of both those and others and combine enormous flight speeds with the ability to hover in the air, the ability to take off without a run-up and land without a run. 

Helicopter as gyro relates to rotorcraft. Their difference lies in that the gyro rotor is connected to the motor and can rotate freely.

Helicopter rotor (or more rotors) unlike gyroplane rotor during takeoff, flight and landing driven by the motor and serves both to generate lift and thrust. Aerodynamic force generated by the screw is used for maintaining the helicopter in the air, and for its forward Furthermore, rotor is also the governing body of the helicopter.

If an airplane propeller generates thrust, or a jet engine, lift - wings, and authorities are rudders and ailerons, then the helicopter performs all these functions rotor. From this it is clear how important a helicopter rotor.

Helicopters are distinguished from each other by the number of rotors at their location on the rotary drive method. In accordance with these characteristics and divided helicopters depicted.

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