TB-4
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TB-4

Tupolev TB-4. Photo. Story. Characteristics.

 

In the 30s, after the creation of the TB-3, a bomber, the USSR announced to the whole world about its powerful air force. At the beginning of 1929, the UVVS submitted an application to TsAGI for the creation of a heavy bomber TB-4, or according to factory documents, ANT-16. A year later, UVVS approved the requirements for the aircraft. According to them, it was indicated that the car had to have a maximum load of 18 kg, a combat load of 000 kg, a flight range of 10 km, a speed at nominal mode of 000 km / h, a ceiling of 2000 m, a landing speed of 200 km / h, run with a brake - 5000 m, without a brake - 100 m, take-off run - 100 m.

Tupolev TB-4

In 1930 year in April, the Council of Labor and Defense of the USSR said operating plan for TB-4, in May, work began on the schematic design. All activities and ever-changing requirements bombers struck up a project to 2 years. In December, there were the necessary 32 engines, and in February 33 year began exporting aircraft parts to the airfield. In April, the ANT-16 collected until July conducted a small installation and debugging. In July, it began flight tests.

 

The work is distributed in such a way: a guide to the whole project - Tupolev, designing the fuselage - Arkhangel'skii, wings - V. Petlyakov, feathers - Nekrasov, chassis - Petrov, powerplant - I. and E. Pogossky Pogossky, armament - I. Tolstoy.

 

After the sketch variant was created, there was a problem with the choice of engines and their number. In January of the year 31 TsAGI together with the UVVS decided the issue of defensive and bombarding weapons. Since the crew was to be 12 people, 2 artillery guns (20 mm) and 5 installations under the 1-PVN (twin machine guns) were considered weapons. Bomber weapons were taken to include new bomb-throwers and bomb-holders. They provided the installation of forty bombs of 250 kg or twenty in 500 kg in the middle of the fuselage. From the outside under the fuselage, you can place one bomb on 1000 or 2000 kg. In December, new requirements related to the replacement of M-35 motors (4 pcs.) On M-34 (6 pcs) came.

 

Fender TB-4 consists of two parts and the center-weaned. In the power set three spars. Bracing riveted, sheet metal. The fuselage is divided into the nose, tail and middle parts, the nose has been weaned from the toe. In contrast to the ANT-6, step wave corrugation more on 50 mm.

Tupolev TB-4

Among the design features of the fuselage bomb bay stands the presence of two total length 10 4 m and a width m. They are placed behind the center section of the wing. TB-4 - the world's first airplane, which was used as a large cargo bays for bombs.

 

The tail unit with the same type of TB-3. The stabilizer and fin connected to each other braces. Handlebars rotation and height have a horn compensation. Except for the ailerons control the airplane can be called tough.

 

Gear wheels mounted in pairs on a common axis. Their diameter - 2 m. The wheels are equipped with brakes and oil damping. Attached to the rear self-orienting pneumatic tire. At the wheel fairings can be installed (pants).

 

The power plant consists of six motors M-34 (capacity of 830 hp), four of which are located in the toe of the wing, and the other two are mounted in tandem installation on the frame above the fuselage. The fuel stored in tanks in 6 parts of the wing and center section in two parts. The total capacity of the fuel system is 8500 l and oil - 2000 l. Screws engines located in the wing have a diameter 3,18 m in tandem - 3,3 m pushing - 3 m.

Tupolev TB-4

For the first time on a plane of this class used with built-in power-driven power 16 hp

 

For the first time in the defense of the Soviet bomber aircraft cannon replied. That ANT-16 became the founder of the concept of "Flying Fortress". Gun set at two points at the fore and rear. The latter was located behind the wing. Location guns, one aft of the tail, yet in several of specialized wing towers in the front and rear parts of the wing (shooting forward - shooting ago).

 

Equipment. The sight OPB-2 used for night bombing, radio - to support communications with the central database, intercom. This plane is not just big, it's very difficult to maintain. Because of this, the crew of TB-4 12 people: 2 pilot, navigator, flight engineer, radio operator-finder and 7 shooters.

 

According to the preliminary design, the TB-4 prototype with 6 M-34 engines should have a flight mass of 31 kg, an empty mass of 000 kg, a speed at the ground of 10 km / h, a ceiling of 700 m, and a flight range of 208 km. cruising speed - 3400 km / h. The bomb load is 1600 kg, the normalized maximum is 160 kg. Armament - 4000 cannons 10 mm "Oerlikon" and 000 units of machine guns YES.

 

First flew Gromov July 3 1933 years. He noted some load on the wheel and pedals. In September, the car was sent to the state tests. The general view was a positive picture, however, the management of TB-4 was extremely difficult for regime change.

 

In addition, the plane even after some improvements could not meet the requirements of the military. He showed a rather poor results. The maximum speed is reached at the ground - 200 km / h at an altitude of 2000 m - 187,5 km / h, the time taken to climb 2000 m - 33,32 min. Service ceiling dropped to 2750 m, while its achievements - 84 minutes. Takeoff run increased to 800 m, and the required run-up to 36.

 

The plane has been decided to finalize, but on the stand-ins. He had, according to the ideas of war, not only to meet the requirements laid down, but also to overcome them. According to the plans the following TB-4 had to build until April 1932 the year, and in May, was put to the test. Since this plane was supposed to become the standard series, TsAGI made a few changes.

Tupolev TB-4

In 1932 in December approved the layout of the aircraft, in August began construction. By the beginning of the year 1933 willingness bomber was 17%, and the second in July of the same year TSAGI suddenly received instructions to terminate the operation of the aircraft. In the future construction of a few modifications.

Tupolev TB-4 characteristics:


Modification   TB-4
Wingspan, m   54.00
Length m   32.00
Height, m  
Wing area, m2   422.0
Weight, kg  
  empty aircraft   21400
  normal takeoff   33280
engine's type   6 PD M-34
Power, hp   X 6 830
Maximum speed km / h  
  near the ground   200
  on high   188
Practical range, km   2000
Combat range, km   1000
Rate of climb, m / min   81
Practical ceiling, m   2750
Crew   12
Armament:   two 20-mm guns, up to ten 7.62-mm machine guns
 10000-11800 kg bombs

 

Aircraft

This plane is very good. I like the fact that he is a bomber, and a year 1993 such aircraft at the time were very much appreciated. It has 5000 hp, a lot. I believe that on this bomber engineers worked well, because they have made it very powerful, small, and at the same time practical.
The plane was the fastest at the time. He could carry as many as possible could 37000 kg. Its minimum speed was 200 km / h, you just think about it. The maximum he could fly 2000 km. The landing speed was 100 km / h. I do not know, maybe someone these figures are not surprising, but honestly I'm totally impressed. After all, back in 1993 year as it was possible to make such a technique. This is the full sensation.
The plane was very good and had a lot of merit. It is a pity that it was taken out of production. He flew only 3 months. But this is not enough. Such aircraft could perform miracles during WWII.
Dimensions he had big, very much so. It accommodates 15-man crew and a lot of it for the bomber. Wing area was 422 m square. To be honest, I want to say a lot.
More I was pleased with the fact that the aircraft had been installed: a gun and a machine gun.

Well I do not know. At the amateur. During 20-x - 40-ies which was once thought that the larger the plane, the better. But he became a good target for the fighters and anti-aircraft guns. It's one thing to hit a fly sneakers and quite another for a passing cat. And the defense system had already been outdated. So the group maintenance was to be nehily. In general, as anyone, but I ANT-16 not much liked. EDO do much better projects.

I remember the first time drove in "Google" - "rare Soviet bombers", and you one of those was this handsome. Hefty for those times. Just after a whopper. Even in the middle of the wing man he could not stand ducking. Power. It is a pity that TB-4 never brought to mind tolite. It could get a great air fortress.

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