IL 86
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IL 86

IL-86. Photo. Video. Driving salon. Characteristics. Reviews

 

 

In September 1969 years OKB Ilyushin It was instructed to begin work on the development of medium-haul passenger airliner big passengers.

IL-86 became the first Soviet passenger airliner with a wide fuselage and allowing to hold up to three hundred and fifty passengers... The main reason for starting the design of wide-body aircraft was the increase in the number of air passenger traffic and the heavy load on airports.

In IL-86 we had four modified engines NK-8, which received labeled NC-86. Also on the plane it was applied at the time the new navigation system allowing you to perform flights in all weather conditions и any time of the day. The aircraft uses multiple backup system the basic functions that can improve flight safety.

yl-86 photo

With the power of the aviation industry in the USSR, scientific and economic potential in 70-20-ies century were created wide-body airliners IL-86. Truly the airline "Aeroflot" can be proud of the airplane, because it is not only reliable, but also helped to solve giperperevozok conditions at the time of the x and 80-90-ies. This four-passenger aircraft for medium-haul flight, was designed in Ilyushin Design Bureau.

This is the first (mass) passenger wide-body aircraft. Mass production was carried out by a 1980 1993 year (VASO) Voronezh aircraft factory. In the entire history it was released 106 copies. Currently not used in aviation operations spends much as much fuel. For this fighter plane called kerosene.

The need for such an aircraft appeared when Aeroflot presented requirements for a cabin for 250-350 seats. This happened on October 13, 1967. Initially, engineers and technologists from the Ilyushin Design Bureau considered a variant of an aircraft with 250 seats (the Il-62-250 project with an additional fuselage length of 6,8). However, he was not accepted. There were projects for 350 seats with the comfort conditions of the first option. We tried to design a fuselage divided into two decks and a single-deck with an oval section. These options also crashed.

yl-86 2 photo

February 22 70, the OKB Ilyushin received a specific task on the construction of wide-body airliner on 350 places. Two years later the USSR Council of Ministers adopted a decree № 168-68, which spoke of the beginning of the project IL-86. In addition to the requirements of the specifications, it was an additional task - to create conditions for the carriage of baggage (the principle of "baggage with him"). This problem has put a number of questions about the choice of the diameter of the fuselage.

Thanks to the cooperation with the experts of choice was the result of TsAGI fuselage, whose parameters are allowed to put on a par with nine seats two looping paths, and their width was greater than in prior art from abroad. Operation with relatively short runways provide a choice of high-lift devices, which consisted of trehschelevyh flaps and slats.

This aircraft was a turbojet with four engines, for it even upgraded the NK-8 engine in NK-86. In the end, it was because of the engine that it was prematurely decommissioned. Strong noise, uneconomical fuel absorption, low traction and sluggish run-up led to write-off. Also, the dimensions of NK-86, under which the chassis and glider were designed, made it impossible to remontorize Il-86 in the future. I had to develop a new airplane IL-96. Another disadvantage of the engine was a decrease in efficiency at high temperatures of the surrounding air. In the intense heat, the temperature regulators started to work, they cut off the fuel to lower the temperature of the gases by the turbines or even cut off the engine altogether.

Since four of the aircraft engine, the hydraulic and the same. Their pressure is regulated by special individual pumps mounted to the engine. They feed boosters ailerons and rudder, stabilizer and drive mechanization wings, exhaust system and the landing gear, brakes, the system turning the front legs, and more. The left side boosters are fed through both systems, and the left side №1 №2 and right №3, mechanism boosters starboard side, respectively, of the system №2, third and fourth-board systems right side.

Near the boosters themselves (control wiring) mounted central spring cylinders, which displays the stock to neutral. This is necessary in order to avoid uncontrolled shutdown rudders with a possible broken wire. RP-69 (auxiliary steering gear) helps to overcome the tightening of the central cylinder and the friction between the wires.

yl-86 3 photo

RP-69 is a low-power steering, powered by all systems. It is included in the wiring to the other nodes. For better functionality of the flap system is installed in the hydraulic twin-RP-70, stabilizer and slats - RP-71 (twin-engine hydraulic drives). On the slats, there is one RP-71, and on the stabilizer - two.

The spindle is the main piece of mechanization permutation stabilizer. He secured loosely to avoid friction, while at the same time, thanks to steady your guide turns vertical displacement screw. The first RP-71 operated by hydraulic №2 №3 and, second, respectively, and is powered by №1 №4. Drives through the rotation of the screw nuts are moved downwards.

Top RP-71, spinning, transposes the stabilizer, while it is pivotally mounted and is at the front spar of the stabilizer. Lower RP-71 fixed as well but it moves downward screw itself. Because of this, even in the event of failure of one drive, supply chain management or its hydraulic control of the entire hydraulic system is stored anyway.

December 22 76 year was made the first flight of the test sample of the IL-86. His crew made EI Kuznetsova. In June next year the aerial machine was demonstrated at the Paris Air Show of international class. After the end of production tests in 1978, it was decided to begin certification. After their graduation year 1980, 26 namely December was made the first regular flight plan (route Moscow - Tashkent). A year later, the plane 18 set world records in flight.

In 80-ies considered options such aircraft as the Il-86D and IL-86V with British motors "Rolls-Royce» RB211-22V. Turbofan offered to use them to pull 19 000 kgs. Mid-range Il-86V formed of an elongated fuselage and could carry 450 passengers with a range of up to 3600 4000 km. IL-86D 330 was designed for passengers at a distance of nine thousand kilometers. It was this plane and became the basis for the IL-96-300.

yl-86 photo booths

IL-86 is considered one of the best aircraft in Russia. In the period of 1980 1993 years at VASO in Voronezh was released 103 aircraft for flights. Three of them were sent to China. In the same period, the reconstruction of the runway most of the USSR, because the previous could not take the plane Ilyushin. With 2001 year began a massive write-off this type of aircraft. The last flight of the IL-86 was the route Moscow - Sochi and Moscow - Simferopol until October 2010 years.

A total of one hundred and six aircraft in the middle of the year 2008 was lost four. In 1994 year in Delhi to fall in-737 indirectly caught standing on the runway IL-86. As a result, he caught fire. Killed airport staff that served planes. In 98-m Il-86 tail number 86 080 was forced to make a rough landing. As a result, because of the serious damage to the second of July of this year, the aircraft had to be written off for airworthy and recovery.

21.09.2001 because of the blunders of the crew the plane caught fire while landing. It happened in Dubai. The chief pilot is not just the landing gear and landing on the runway due to the friction of IL-86 kindled. Less than a year later in a tragic plane crash occurred Sheremetyevo. At take-off was chosen supercritical angle of elevation, and as a result broke contact at the control switch stabilizer.

Existing versions of the aircraft

  • IL-86 - standard basic version. The only copy of this aircraft was created for President RossiyskoyFederatsii.

  • IL-80 / 87 - Air Command item. It was built four such modification. Unlike the base model is the lack of windows, the presence of air refueling and additional hardware compartment "hump".

  • IL-86D - modification of IL-86, became the basis for the IL-96.

 

IL-86 Photo

IL 86 2

 

On December 22, 1976, the experimental I-86 made its first flight. Tests of the Il-86 showed that the aircraft has low operating costs in comparison with other medium-range aircraft. In June 1977, the aircraft was demonstrated at the Le Bourget International Air Show. And on October 25, 1977, an aircraft intended for mass production took off. Since December 1980, the Il-86 aircraft began to operate on domestic and international airlines with the largest passenger traffic. The first flight with passengers on board the plane made on the route "Moscow-Tashkent" on December 26, 1980. Eighteen world records were set on the Il-86. On the basis of the Il-86, it was designed for the military needs of the Il-86VKP (Air Command Post).

IL-86 Photo salon

IL 86 Salon

 

Also, the aircraft has marked IL or IL-80-87. There were four such aircraft produced. Also conducted research on the use of the company RollsRoyce engines on the aircraft IL-86. However, a series of these modifications have not arrived.

 

IL-86 interior scheme

 

Il 86 scheme

 

Before the end of its production in 1993, a little more than a hundred cars were produced. To date, the Il-86 has been removed from service by passenger air carriers and is not used on commercial flights. The main reason for the removal of this aircraft from commercial flights is its non-compliance with modern international aviation standards in terms of noise levels and fuel consumption. Its successor was the Il-96, which did not become a mass aircraft.

 

ИL-86 a 4-engine wide-body passenger aircraft, designed in Ilyushin Design Bureau. This is the most massive Soviet passenger wide-body aircraft. In 1980-1997 years. It is manufactured in Voronezh aircraft factory VASO on. It was created just 106 aircraft.

Construction of IL-86

IL-86 - 4-motor with a turbojet nizkoplan odnokilevym plumage, swept wings. For IL-86 was created by the engine NK-86 - modernization of motor NK-8 Tu-154B and IL-62 with traction 13 ton. Subsequently, the engine has become the leading cause of premature withdrawal of aircraft from service, having too much fuel, providing insufficient thrust-and do not meet the standards for noise due to poor run and tear. There is even a joke, that the plane takes off only because of the curvature of the planet.

IL-86

Dimensions NC-86, which is calculated under the chassis and the airframe made it impossible in the future re-engine IL-86, which led to the development of a new model of aircraft - IL-96. Moreover, outdated materials and construction NC-86 at high temperature reduces its performance compared to more modern versions of the engine. The intense heat during takeoff temperature controls worked well. To reduce the temperature of the gas turbine began Cut fuel or even turned off the engine, whereby you had to stop off.

In IL-86 are four hydraulic system - the number of engines. During operation, all motors in the hydraulic pressure is generated by a separate pump, which is mounted on the engine. Hydraulic feed drives mechanization stabilizer and wing irreversible beads ailerons and rudders, exhaust system and the landing gear mechanism turn feet, brakes and other consumers.

History of the IL-86

The Il-86 is the first serial Soviet wide-body passenger aircraft. In 1967, there was a need in it, when Aeroflot made demands for 250-350 seats. Decision of the Council of Ministers from 13 October 1967 decided to develop such an aircraft. Initially, Ilyushin Design Bureau investigated the project of IL-62-250, designed for 250 seats, with an extended fuselage at 6,8 meters. But this project has not been developed. To accommodate 350 passengers, it was necessary to increase the number of seats in the row. But, trying to save the reached level of comfort on IL-62, OKB worked on 2-deck version, as well as a single-deck with a fuselage, which had an oval cross section with two separate cabins. However, these proposals were also rejected.

IL-86

OKB Ilyushin received a task to create a wide-body aircraft at 350 places 22 February 1970. The Council of Ministers of the USSR 9 March 1972 took the put on the start of work on the aircraft IL-86. Among the requirements presented to the aircraft, was the condition of carrying baggage on such a principle, as "luggage with you". This condition required a whole range of studies, as a result of which it was necessary to determine the diameter of the fuselage. Specialists of TsAGI chose a fuselage that could allow installing ten seats with two passes in one row. And the width of such passes was more than on similar wide-body aircraft. To ensure operation from short runways, the mechanization of the wing was chosen, which consisted of tri-slit flaps and slats (later stopped at double-slits), which produced a high lifting force.

The first flight of the IL-86 was made in December 22 1976, the crew EI Kuznetsova. At the end of 1978 completed factory testing, and they were replaced by certified tests. They ended in 1980, the IL-86 26 1980 December r performed his first flight Moscow - Tashkent. A year later, the plane managed to establish eighteen world speed records with a load of up to 35 80 tonnes on the closed route.

Four models have been built in the version of the air command post IL-80 (IL-87) for control of the armed forces in the event of a nuclear conflict.

The Il-86D and Il-86V projects were studied in the 1980s. They were supposed to use British motors with a thrust of 19 kgf. Il-000V is a medium-range aircraft with an elongated fuselage and was designed to transport 86 people at a distance of 450-3,6 thousand km. IL-4D was used to transport 86 people over a distance of more than 330 thousand km. This aircraft became the basis for the Il-9-96 aircraft.

IL-86

In 1990-x analyze the possibility of installation on aircraft of highly efficient engines, which could increase the flight range by thousands 6,4. 350 km with passengers. However, the Ilyushin Design Bureau did not continue to re-engine, with this practical considerations. As a result, neither IL-96, or IL-86 (remotorizovanny) did not come into popular series, and this niche occupied "Airbus" A-310, «Boeing-767», «Boeing -747», age was nine-twenty years when buying Russian airlines in 2000-ies.

Operation of IL-86

In the period of 1979 1997, the IL-86 produced serially at the aircraft plant in Voronezh. Total was created one hundred and six airplanes of all modifications (4 IL-80 and 102-86 for Il USSR Ministry of Defense). Exports to China were built three aircraft. In 1980-ies. in many major airports have been reconstructed runway as a result they were able to take IL-86.

Flight age of the aircraft was relatively short-lived. As a result, noise and extreme inefficiency engines it became unusable in the new conditions. With 2001 year began a massive write-down and decommissioning of the aircraft.

In November 2010, the aircraft were removed from the flight and, in all likelihood, forever.

 

Ilyushin Il-86 characteristics:

  • Length: 59,40 m.

  • Height: 15,8 m.

  • Wingspan: 48 m.

  • Maximum speed: 950 km / h.

  • Cruising speed: 900 km / h.

  • Flight range: 5250 km.

  • The practical range with maximum load: 3810 km.

  • Wing area: 320 mXNUMX

  • Ceiling: 12000 m.

  • Number of seats: 240-350 Places

  • Crew: 3-5 person

 

IL-86. Gallery.

IL-86 1 photoIL-86 2 photoIL-86 3 photo

IL-86 4 photoIL-86 5 photoIL-86 6 photo

IL-86 7 photoIL-86 8 photoIL-86 9 photo

IL-86 10 photoIL-86 11 photoIL-86 12 photo

 

IL-86 video

OKB Ilyushin Aircraft

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The IL-86 tests showed that the aircraft has low operating costs compared to other medium-haul aircraft. Is this not the answer to those who say something against Il-86, everything has its own time, for that time IL-86 easily competed on the characteristics with foreign cars. And at that time it was important not how much he would run through the ground, but how much he would raise ..

Il-86 - the ideal car!

In the characteristics of the aircraft does not indicate the required length of the strip for take-off and landing. It's a shame, it should be. This is also one of the records?

The best car, in my opinion. And no matter what her enemies say, let them choke on their diets with all sorts of nasty foreigners! The softest rise and landing, comfortable chairs, does not shake, well, and other benefits for the passenger. Unfortunately, I did not fly on Boeing, but I can compare it with an airbus, - Il 86 is better! He's even older than the new airbus, no matter what the spiteful people say ...

Only one word SUPER! Many flew in his childhood on nёm.Tolko pleasant memories.

on the first photo. IL-96

I flew on IL-86. But it was very - a long time and only once. At that time I was not able to estimate the true worth of the car, as I did not feel comfortable. Luggage had to drag behind him and despite the fact that some people are craving a 30-five kg of luggage. Here is the physical charge. But in general, judging by the reviews of others, perhaps, a good plane.

Many say that IL-86 is quite well, bad air, I believe that these people are lying. As for me, so this machine is very good, the only thing a little bit outdated. Ponos boards, it is desirable to upgrade construction, and exploiters believe that it should be written off already. It is a pity, I would still be happy to fly on the IL-86.

Il-86 for me is a really cool aircraft, but, alas, this car just was not lucky. Although it is very durable, reliable and could plow through the expanses of the sky for a long time. The only thing I want to note is that it needed to be modernized, or rather, the engines of the aircraft seem to me rather weak for such a car, they are gluttonous and they make a loud noise. In 90-ies, they signed a contract with a foreign company that supplied engines for IL-86. But, alas, the contract was broken, the stocks that were built, dismantled. I hope that soon all things will change and the planes of Russia will be the first in the whole world.

ten times flew in this wonderful samolёte.ochen sorry that he will not rise in vozduh.zarubezhnye change planes pokaleniya.ya wanted to fly IL-86.2015.eschё want to silt-86 stood on a pedestal at ENEA.

Personally, I always liked the IL-86 airplane. For the first time I saw this car in Khabarovsk at the airport, it was 1988 year. At that time the plane was just in excellent condition. The most striking impression was caused by the ladder of this car. I believe that the IL-86 is very comfortable, landing and take-off do not feel at all. It is a pity that such aircraft are already out of production and will not plow through the expanses of the sky. I often drive around the ring road of St. Petersburg, there is a helicopter club Helly Drive. Next to this club is this wonderful Il-86 airplane, but, unfortunately, without engines. I always wonder what this plane wants to do. In general, I will say one thing, the plane was simply amazing.

ten times flew on this beautiful samolёte.ochen sorry that he will no longer letat.zarubezhnye mark only change generation .I wanted to fly yl -86.2015.ochen would like to see him on a pedestal at ENEA.

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